Grzegorz Jagodziński

Abbreviations and Symbols

Languages and dialects

Aeol. – Aeolic,
Akk. – Akkadian,
Alb. – Albanian,
Anatol. – Anatolian,
Arab. – Arabic,
Aram. – Aramaic,
Arm. – Armenian,
Att. – Attic,
Av. – Avestan,
Bavar. – Bavarian,
Bret. – Breton,
Bruss. – Belorussian,
BS – Balto-Slavic,
Bulg. – Bulgarian,
Burm. – Burmese,
Burush. – Burushaski,
Chin. – Chinese (Mandarin),
Chuv. – Chuvash,
Class. – Classic,
Corn. – Cornish,
CS – Church Slavonic,
CSl. – Common Slavic,
Cypr. – Cypriote,
Cz. – Czech,
Dan. – Danish,
Dor. – Doric,
Drav. – Dravidian,
Du. – Dutch,
Eng. – English,
ESl. – East Slavic,
Eth. – Ethiopian (Geez),
Fin. – Finnish,
Fr. – French,
FU – Finno-Ugric,
Galic. – Galician,
Gaul. – Gaulish,
Georg. – Georgian,
Germ. – (Modern High) German,
Gmc. – Germanic,
Goth. – Gothic,
Gr. – Greek,
Greenl. – Greenlandic,
Hbr. – Hebrew,
Hitt. – Hittite,
Hom. – Homeric,
Hung. – Hungarian,
Ic. – Icelandic,
IE – Indo-European,
Illyr. – Illyrian,
Ion. – Ionic,
Ir. – Irish,
It. – Italian,
Jap. – Japanese,
Kurd. – Kurdish,
Kush. – Kushitic,
Lat. – Latin,
Latv. – Latvian (Lettish),
Lesb. – Lesbian,
Lith. – Lithuanian,
LSorb. – Lower Sorbian
Luw. – Luwian,
Lyc. – Lycian,
Manch. – Manchurian,
M (as the first element of the abbreviation) – Middle,
MHG – Middle High German,
Mid. – Middle,
Mod. – Modern,
ModLG – Modern Low German,
Mong. – Mongolian,
Myc. – Mycenean,
NG – Nordic, North Germanic,
Norw. – Norwegian,
O (as the first element of the abbreviation) – Old,
Occit. – Occitan (Provençal);
OCS – Old Church Slavonic,
OE – Old English (Anglo-Saxon),
OHG – Old High German,
ON – Old Nordic,
OS – Old Saxon,
Osk. – Oskian,
Oss. – Ossetic (Iron),
PBS – Proto-Balto-Slavic,
PCelt. – Proto-Celtic,
Pers. – Persian,
PG – Proto-Germanic,
PGr. – Proto-Greek,
Phryg. – Phrygian,
PIE – Proto-Indo-European,
Pol. – Polish,
Port. – Portuguese,
Pruss. – (Old) Prussian,
PS – Proto-Slavic,
PSem – Proto-Semitic,
Rom. – Romanian,
Russ. – Russian,
Ruth. – Ruthenian,
S-Cr. – Serbo-Croatian,
Scott. – Scottish (Gaelic),
Sem. – Semitic,
Sin.-Cauc. – Sino-Caucasian,
Skr. – Sanskrit,
Slvk. – Slovak,
Slvn. – Slovene,
Span. – Spanish,
Sum. – Sumerian,
Swed. – Swedish,
Thrac. – Thracian,
Toch. – Tocharian (A),
Tung. – Tungusic,
Turk. – Turkish,
Turkm. – Turkmen,
Ved. – Vedic,
Venet. – Venetian,
Udm. – Udmurt,
Ukr. – Ukrainian,
USorb. – Upper Sorbian
Umbr. – Umbrian,
Vulg. – Vulgar, Popular (Latin),
Wel. – Welsh,
WSl. – West Slavic.

Abbreviations

abl. – ablativus, ablative,
acc. – accusativus, accusative,
adj. – adjectivum, adjective,
cl. – class,
cons. – consonantal (declension type),
dat. – dativus, dative,
decl. – declension, declension type,
dial. – dialectal,
f – feminine (gender),
f. – form,
f-obj. – feminine-objective (form),
gen. – genetivus, genitive,
ins. – instrumentalis, instrumental,
irreg. – irregular, irregularly,
lit. – literally,
loc. – locativus, locative,
m – masculine (gender),
m₁ – masculine-personal (gender),
m₂ – masculine animate (gender),
m₃ – masculine inanimate (gender),
m-anim. – masculine animate (gender),
m-inanim. – masculine inanimate (gender),
m-pers. – masculine-personal (gender),
nm-pers. – non-masculine-personal (form),
nom. – nominativus, nominative,
perh. – perhaps,
perf. – perfectum, perfect (tense),
pl. – pluralis, plural,
pl.t. – plurale tantum, used only in plural,
subst. – substantivum, substantive (incorrectly: noun),
substs. – substantives,
t.s. – the same (meaning).

Symbols

ъ – back yer (yor),
ь – front yer,
ǫ – OCS nasal o,
x – OCS velar spirant, like Polish ch,
> – “changed into”,
< – “has come from”.