Index

Contents

Resemblances between English and Polish

Writing and reading Polish.

1. The Polish alphabet, continued here
2. Polish national characters
3. Punctuation marks
4. How to read Polish sounds: a, ą, b, bi, c, ch, chi, ci, cz, ć, d, dz, dzi, dź, dż, e, ę, f, fi, g, gi, h, hi, i, j, k, ki, l, ł, m, mi, n, ni, ń, o, ó, p, pi, r, rz, s, si, sz, ś, t, u, w, wi, y, z, zi, ź, ż.
5. Polish fricatives
6. Stress
7. Softness
8. Using and reading of the letter i
9. Using and reading of the letter u
10. Group ńs
11. Final ę
12. Voicings and devoicings:
    1. Final devoicing
    2. Devoicing before a voiceless
    3. Devoicing of w after a voiceless
    4. Devoicing of rz after a voiceless
    5. Voicing before a voiced
13. Groups uł, łu, ół, łó
14. Groups with [j] spelt i: [bj], [czj], [dj], [dżj], [fj], [gj], [hj], [kj], [lj], [mj], [ńj], [pj], [rj], [szj], [tj], [wj], [żj] (spelt bi, czi, di, dżi, fi, gi, hi (chi), ki, li, mi, ni, pi, ri, szi, ti, wi, żi).
15. Groups czcz, drz, dsz, dżdż, trz, żdż
16. Consonantal assimilations
17. Assimilations of nasal consonants
18. Two vowels side-by-side
19. Spelling equivalents with other languages

Declension.

1. Plural of substantives: basics (see also here)
2. Plural of substantives with stems ending in -k, -g
3. Plural of substantives with stems ending in -j, -l
4. Plural of substantives with stems ending in -ć, -dź, -ń, -ś, -ź
5. Plural of substantives of the type paw
6. Plural of substantives with stems ending in -c, -dz
7. Plural of substantives with stems ending in -cz, -dż, -rz, -sz, -ż
8. Plural of masculine-personal substantives (-owie).
9. Plural of masculine-personal substantives (-i/-y).
10. Plural of neuter substantives
11. Plural of neuter substantives in -ę
12. Plural of feminine substantives ending with a consonant
13. Irregular plural of substantives: also continuation
14. Plural of substantives – repetition
15. Substantives without singular
16. Adjectives: gender; also continued here and here
17. Numerals: basics
18. Numerals: 1
19. Numerals: 2, 3, 4
20. Names of months, continued here
21. Seasons
22. Days of the week
23. Cases
24. Genitive singular of substantives
25. Genitive singular of adjectives
26. Genitive singular of pronouns

Conjugation.

1. Imperfective and perfective verbs
2. 3rd pers. sg. of the Present Tense
3. 2nd pers. sg. of the Present Tense
4. The Future Tense
5. The Past Tense
6. The Present Tense

Word-formation.

1. The suffix -k

Sound changes in inflexion and word-formation.

1. ó : o: see here, here and here
2. ą : ę: see here
3. Fleeting e: see here, here, here and here
4. Fleeting o: see here and here

Dialogues.

1. Introducing oneself
2. Introducing oneself (2nd way).
3. Greetings

Index