Declension group m I
Substantives ending in nom.sg. with phonetically soft consonants: ć, dź, ń, ś, ź and with p, b, m, w alternating in oblique cases with p′, b′, m′, w′ as well as with l and j.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
without ending |
kowal |
| gen. |
animate |
~a |
kowala |
| inanimate |
~a (~u) |
pala (balu) |
| dat. |
~owi |
kowalowi |
| acc. |
animate |
like gen. |
kowala |
| inanimate |
like nom. |
pal |
| voc. |
like loc. |
kowalu |
| ins. |
~em |
kowalem |
| loc. |
~u |
kowalu |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
personal |
~e (~owie) |
kowale (królowie) |
| impersonal |
~e |
pale |
| gen. |
~i, ~ów |
kowali (królów) |
| dat. |
~om |
kowalom |
| acc. |
personal |
like gen. |
kowali (królów) |
| impersonal |
like nom. |
pale |
| ins. |
~ami |
kowalami |
| loc. |
~ach |
kowalach |
Declension group m II
Substantives ending in nom.sg. with functionally soft consonants: c, cz, dz, dż, rz, sz, ż.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
without ending |
stróż |
| gen. |
animate |
~a |
stróża |
| inanimate |
~a (~u) |
kołnierza (placu) |
| dat. |
~owi (~u) |
stróżowi (chłopcu) |
| acc. |
animate |
like gen. |
stróża |
| inanimate |
like nom. |
kołnierz |
| voc. |
like loc. (~e) |
stróżu (chłopcze) |
| ins. |
~em |
stróżem |
| loc. |
~u |
stróżu |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
personal |
~e (~y, ~owie) |
stróże (chłopcy, mężowie) |
| impersonal |
~e |
kołnierze |
| gen. |
~ów (~y) |
stróżów (żołnierzy) |
| dat. |
~om |
stróżom |
| acc. |
personal |
like gen. |
stróżów (żołnierzy) |
| impersonal |
like nom. |
kołnierze |
| ins. |
~ami |
stróżami |
| loc. |
~ach |
stróżach |
Declension group m III
Substantives ending in nom.sg. with the consonants: k, g, ch.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
without ending |
robotnik |
| gen. |
animate |
~a |
robotnika |
| inanimate |
~a (~u) |
stołka (stogu) |
| dat. |
~owi |
robotnikowi |
| acc. |
animate |
like gen. |
robotnika |
| inanimate |
like nom. |
stołek |
| voc. |
like loc. |
robotniku |
| ins. |
~kiem |
robotnikiem |
| ~giem |
stogiem |
| ~chem |
mchem |
| loc. |
~u |
robotniku |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
personal |
~cy (~owie) |
robotnicy |
| ~dzy (~owie) |
pedagodzy (geologowie) |
| ~si (~owie) |
mnisi |
| impersonal |
~ki |
stołki |
| ~gi |
stogi |
| ~chy |
mchy |
| gen. |
~ów |
robotników |
| dat. |
~om |
robotnikom |
| acc. |
personal |
like gen. |
robotników |
| impersonal |
like nom. |
stołki |
| ins. |
~ami |
robotnikami |
| loc. |
~ach |
robotnikach |
Declension group m IV
Substantives ending in nom.sg. with hard consonants: b, d, f, ł, m, n, p, r, s, t, w, z.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
without ending |
sąsiad |
| gen. |
animate |
~a |
sąsiada |
| inanimate |
~a (~u) |
słupa (galopu) |
| dat. |
~owi (~u) |
sąsiadowi (chłopu) |
| acc. |
animate |
like gen. |
sąsiada |
| inanimate |
like nom. |
słup |
| voc. |
like Ms |
sąsiedzie |
| ins. |
~em |
sąsiadem |
| loc. |
~e |
sąsiedzie |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
personal |
~i (~y, ~owie) |
sąsiedzi (dyrektorzy, panowie) |
| impersonal |
~y |
słupy |
| gen. |
~ów |
sąsiadów |
| dat. |
~om |
sąsiadom |
| acc. |
personal |
like gen. |
sąsiadów |
| impersonal |
like nom. |
słupy |
| ins. |
~ami |
sąsiadami |
| loc. |
~ach |
sąsiadach |
Declension group m V
Substantives ending in nom.sg. with ~anin.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~anin |
mieszczanin |
| gen. |
~anina |
mieszczanina |
| dat. |
~aninowi |
mieszczaninowi |
| acc. |
like gen. |
mieszczanina |
| voc. |
like loc. |
mieszczaninie |
| ins. |
~aninem |
mieszczaninem |
| loc. |
~aninie |
mieszczaninie |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~anie |
mieszczanie |
| gen. |
~an (~anów) |
mieszczan (dominikanów) |
| dat. |
~anom |
mieszczanom |
| acc. |
like gen. |
mieszczan (dominikanów) |
| ins. |
~ami |
mieszczanami |
| loc. |
~ach |
mieszczanach |
Declension of neuter substantives
Declension group n I
Substantives whose stem ends with phonetically soft consonants: ć, dź, ń, ś, ź, p′, b′, m′, w′, and functionally soft ones: c, cz, dz, dż, rz, sz, ż as well as with l and j.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~e, ~o |
pole (jajo) |
| gen. |
~a |
pola |
| dat. |
~u |
polu |
| acc. |
like nom. |
pole |
| voc. |
like nom. |
pole |
| ins. |
~em |
polem |
| loc. |
~u |
polu |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~a |
pola |
| gen. |
without ending (~i, ~y) |
pól (stuleci, wybrzeży) |
| dat. |
~om |
polom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
pola |
| ins. |
~ami |
polami |
| loc. |
~ach |
polach |
Declension group n II
Substantives whose stem ends with the consonants: k, g, ch.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~o |
stoisko |
| gen. |
~a |
stoiska |
| dat. |
~u |
stoisku |
| acc. |
like nom. |
stoisko |
| voc. |
like nom. |
stoisko |
| ins. |
~kiem |
stoiskiem |
| ~giem |
tangiem |
| ~chem |
echem |
| loc. |
~u |
stoisku |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~a |
stoiska |
| gen. |
without ending |
stoisk |
| dat. |
~om |
stoiskom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
stoiska |
| ins. |
~ami |
stoiskami |
| loc. |
~ach |
stoiskach |
Declension group n III
Substantives whose stem ends with hard consonants: b, d, f, ł, m, n, p, r, s, t, w, z.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~o |
stado |
| gen. |
~a |
stada |
| dat. |
~u |
stadu |
| acc. |
like nom. |
stado |
| voc. |
like nom. |
stado |
| ins. |
~em |
stadem |
| loc. |
~e |
stadzie |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~a |
stada |
| gen. |
without ending |
stad |
| dat. |
~om |
stadom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
stada |
| ins. |
~ami |
stadami |
| loc. |
~ach |
stadach |
Declension group n IV
Substantives ending in nom.sg. with ~ę, and in gen. lp with ~ęcia.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~ę |
kurczę |
| gen. |
~ęcia |
kurczęcia |
| dat. |
~ęciu |
kurczęciu |
| acc. |
like nom. |
kurczę |
| voc. |
like nom. |
kurczę |
| ins. |
~ęciem |
kurczęciem |
| loc. |
~ęciu |
kurczęciu |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~ęta |
kurczęta |
| gen. |
~ąt |
kurcząt |
| dat. |
~ętom |
kurczętom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
kurczęta |
| ins. |
~ami |
kurczętami |
| loc. |
~ach |
kurczętach |
Declension group n V
Substantives ending in nom.sg. with ~ę, and in gen. lp in ~enia.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~ę |
imię |
| gen. |
~enia |
imienia |
| dat. |
~eniu |
imieniu |
| acc. |
like nom. |
imię |
| voc. |
like nom. |
imię |
| ins. |
~eniem |
imieniem |
| loc. |
~eniu |
imieniu |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~ona |
imiona |
| gen. |
~on |
imion |
| dat. |
~onom |
imionom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
imiona |
| ins. |
~onami |
imionami |
| loc. |
~onach |
imionach |
Declension group n VI
Substantives ending in nom.sg. with ~um.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~um |
akwarium |
| gen. |
~um |
akwarium |
| dat. |
~um |
akwarium |
| acc. |
like nom. |
akwarium |
| voc. |
like nom. |
akwarium |
| ins. |
~um |
akwarium |
| loc. |
~um |
akwarium |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~a |
akwaria |
| gen. |
~ów |
akwariów |
| dat. |
~om |
akwariom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
akwaria |
| ins. |
~ami |
akwariami |
| loc. |
~ach |
akwariach |
Declension of feminine substantives
Declension group ż I
Substantives whose stem ends with phonetically soft consonants: ć, dź, ń, ś, ź, p′, b′, f′, w′ as well as with l and j.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~a |
kula |
| gen. |
~i (~ii) |
kuli (linii) |
| dat. |
~i |
kuli |
| acc. |
~ę |
kulę |
| voc. |
~o (~u) |
kulo (mamusiu) |
| ins. |
~ą |
kulą |
| loc. |
~i |
kuli |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~e |
kule |
| gen. |
without ending |
kul |
| (~ii, ~i) |
(linii, stacji) |
| dat. |
~om |
kulom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
kule |
| ins. |
~ami |
kulami |
| loc. |
~ach |
kulach |
Declension group ż II
Substantives whose stem ends with functionally soft consonants: c, cz, dz, dż, rz, sz, ż.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~a |
ulica |
| gen. |
~y |
ulicy |
| dat. |
~y |
ulicy |
| acc. |
~ę |
ulicę |
| voc. |
~o |
ulico |
| ins. |
~ą |
ulicą |
| loc. |
~y |
ulicy |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~e |
ulice |
| gen. |
without ending (~y) |
ulic (opończy) |
| dat. |
~om |
ulicom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
ulice |
| ins. |
~ami |
ulicami |
| loc. |
~ach |
ulicach |
Declension group ż III
Substantives whose stem ends with consonants: k, g, ch.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~a |
zatoka |
| gen. |
~ki |
zatoki |
| ~gi |
smugi |
| ~chy |
muchy |
| dat. |
~ce |
zatoce |
| ~dze |
smudze |
| ~sze |
musze |
| acc. |
~ę |
zatokę |
| voc. |
~o |
zatoko |
| ins. |
~ą |
zatoką |
| loc. |
~ce |
zatoce |
| ~dze |
smudze |
| ~sze |
musze |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~ki |
zatoki |
| ~gi |
smugi |
| ~chy |
muchy |
| gen. |
without ending |
zatok |
| dat. |
~om |
zatokom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
zatoki |
| ins. |
~ami |
zatokami |
| loc. |
~ach |
zatokach |
Declension group ż IV
Substantives whose stem ends with hard consonants: b, d, f, ł, m, n, p, r, s, t, w, z.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
~a |
zagroda |
| gen. |
~y |
zagrody |
| dat. |
~e |
zagrodzie |
| acc. |
~ę |
zagrodę |
| voc. |
~o |
zagrodo |
| ins. |
~ą |
zagrodą |
| loc. |
~e |
zagrodzie |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~y |
zagrody |
| gen. |
without ending |
zagród |
| dat. |
~om |
zagrodom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
zagrody |
| ins. |
~ami |
zagrodami |
| loc. |
~ach |
zagrodach |
Declension group ż V
Substantives ending with soft consonants: ć, dź, ń, ś, ź and with p, b, m, w alternating in oblique cases with p′, b′, m′, w′ as well as with l and j.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
without ending |
oś |
| gen. |
~i |
osi |
| dat. |
~i |
osi |
| acc. |
like nom. |
oś |
| voc. |
~i |
osi |
| ins. |
~ą |
osią |
| loc. |
~i |
osi |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~e (~i) |
osie (radości) |
| gen. |
~i |
osi |
| dat. |
~om |
osiom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
osie (radości) |
| ins. |
~ami |
osiami |
| loc. |
~ach |
osiach |
Declension group ż VI
Substantives ending with functionally soft consonants: c, cz, dz, dż, rz, sz, ż.
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| Singular |
| nom. |
without ending |
noc |
| gen. |
~y |
nocy |
| dat. |
~y |
nocy |
| acc. |
like nom. |
noc |
| voc. |
~y |
nocy |
| ins. |
~ą |
nocą |
| loc. |
~y |
nocy |
| Plural |
| nom.voc. |
~e |
noce |
| gen. |
~y |
nocy |
| dat. |
~om |
nocom |
| acc. |
like nom. |
noce |
| ins. |
~ami |
nocami |
| loc. |
~ach |
nocach |
Declension of substantives having only plural
(type one)
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| nom.voc. |
~i (~ie, ~ia) |
drzwi (spodnie, fekalia) |
| gen. |
~i (~ii, ~iów) |
drzwi (egzekwii, fekaliów) |
| dat. |
~iom |
drzwiom |
| acc. |
personal |
like gen. |
ludzi |
| impersonal |
like nom. |
drzwi |
| ins. |
~ami |
drzwiami |
| loc. |
~ach |
drzwiach |
(type two)
| Case |
Endings |
Examples |
| nom.voc. |
~y (~i, ~e, ~a) |
chrzciny (obcęgi, binokle, usta) |
| gen. |
without ending (~ów, ~y, ~i) |
chrzcin (rodziców, ust) |
| dat. |
~om |
chrzcinom |
| acc. |
personal |
like gen. |
rodziców |
| impersonal |
like nom. |
chrzciny |
| ins. |
~ami |
chrzcinami |
| loc. |
~ach |
chrzcinach |
Declension of adjectives
Declension of adjectives in singular, in masculine gender
| Case |
Forms |
| nom.voc. |
~i |
tani |
~i |
ośli |
~i |
nagi |
~y |
siny |
| gen. |
~iego |
taniego |
~ego |
oślego |
~iego |
nagiego |
~ego |
sinego |
| dat. |
~iemu |
taniemu |
~emu |
oślemu |
~iemu |
nagiemu |
~emu |
sinemu |
| acc. |
animate |
like gen. |
like gen. |
like gen. |
like gen. |
| inanimate |
like nom. |
like nom. |
like nom. |
like nom. |
| ins. |
~im |
tanim |
~im |
oślim |
~im |
nagim |
~ym |
sinym |
| loc. |
~im |
tanim |
~im |
oślim |
~im |
nagim |
~ym |
sinym |
Declension of adjectives in singular, in feminine gender
| Case |
Forms |
| nom.voc. |
~ia |
tania |
~a |
ośla |
~a |
naga |
~a |
sina |
| gen. |
~iej |
taniej |
~ej |
oślej |
~iej |
nagiej |
~ej |
sinej |
| dat. |
~iej |
taniej |
~ej |
oślej |
~iej |
nagiej |
~ej |
sinej |
| acc. |
~ią |
tanią |
~ą |
oślą |
~ą |
nagą |
~ą |
siną |
| ins. |
~ią |
tanią |
~ą |
oślą |
~ą |
nagą |
~ą |
siną |
| loc. |
~iej |
taniej |
~ej |
oślej |
~iej |
nagiej |
~ej |
sinej |
Declension of adjectives in singular, in neuter gender
| Case |
Forms |
| nom.voc. |
~ie |
tanie |
~e |
ośle |
~ie |
nagie |
~e |
sine |
| gen. |
~iego |
taniego |
~ego |
oślego |
~iego |
nagiego |
~ego |
sinego |
| dat. |
~iemu |
taniemu |
~emu |
oślemu |
~iemu |
nagiemu |
~emu |
sinemu |
| acc. |
~ie |
tanie |
~e |
ośle |
~ie |
nagie |
~e |
sine |
| ins. |
~im |
tanim |
~im |
oślim |
~im |
nagim |
~ym |
sinym |
| loc. |
~im |
tanim |
~im |
oślim |
~im |
nagim |
~ym |
sinym |
Declension of adjectives in plural
| Case |
Forms |
| nom.voc. |
m-pers. |
~i |
tani |
~i |
ośli |
~y |
nadzy |
~i (~y) |
sini (obcy, starzy) |
| f-obj. |
~ie |
tanie |
~e |
ośle |
~ie |
nagie |
~e |
sine |
| gen. |
~ich |
tanich |
~ich |
oślich |
~ich |
nagich |
~ych |
sinych |
| dat. |
~im |
tanim |
~im |
oślim |
~im |
nagim |
~ym |
sinym |
| acc. |
m-pers. |
like gen. |
like gen. |
like gen. |
like gen. |
| f-obj. |
like nom. |
like nom. |
like nom. |
like nom. |
| ins. |
~imi |
tanimi |
~imi |
oślimi |
~imi |
nagimi |
~ymi |
sinymi |
| loc. |
~ich |
tanich |
~ich |
oślich |
~ich |
nagich |
~ych |
sinych |